Vehicle fluid distribution system, associated fluid dispenser and fluid ejection process using such a system

ABSTRACT

A system for distributing a fluid in a vehicle, comprising: a plurality n of independent fluid ejection devices; a plurality n−1 of distributors, each having an inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet and being configured to establish a fluid connection either between the inlet and the first outlet or between the inlet and the second outlet; the inlet of a first distributor being connected to a pump connected to a fluid reservoir; each independent ejection device being connected to an outlet of a distributor; at least one outlet of a distributor being connected to the inlet of a subsequent distributor.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application claims the benefit of the filing date of French Patent Application Serial No. FR1905176, filed May 17, 2019, for “Fluid Distribution System for a Vehicle, Associated Fluid Distributor and Fluid Ejection Method Using Such a System,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a system for distributing a fluid, for example, a cleaning product, in a motor vehicle.

BACKGROUND

With the development of autonomous motor vehicles, an increasing number of cameras and sensors are incorporated into vehicles to analyze their environment and to assist driving. These cameras and sensors are placed at multiple points around the perimeter of the vehicle and must be cleaned regularly to guarantee the reliability of the assistance. It is important for the cleaning to be able to be activated on demand and independently for each camera or sensor, so as not to jeopardize the assistance and to maintain good control of the vehicle.

From the prior art, the document WO2018188823 is known, which proposes a line for distributing cleaning liquid in a vehicle, the line being intended to feed a plurality of nozzles for ejecting the liquid. The distribution line is equipped with a plurality of valves, each being associated with a nozzle and electrically set to an open or closed state by a control unit so as to supply the nozzle or alternatively to block the supply of liquid to the nozzle. Such a distribution line configuration allows for an individualized and independent supply to each nozzle. However, it requires a long linear length of distribution line to conduct the liquid to each nozzle of the vehicle.

To limit the length of the distribution line, document WO2019029915 proposes a single liquid distribution line, positioned along all the points of the vehicle requiring an ejection nozzle. Each nozzle comprises hydraulic connection members on the distribution line and an actuating device, such as a solenoid valve, which is electrically set to an open or closed state so as to open or, respectively, shut off the fluid communication between the distribution line and the nozzle. The disadvantage of this solution is that each nozzle must be combined with an actuating device, which is not economical. In addition, the space occupied by each nozzle is relatively large due to the associated actuation device.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides an alternative solution to the solutions of the state of the art, aiming to limit the length of the fluid distribution line and to simplify the actuation of fluid ejection devices and the space they occupy. It relates, in particular, to a fluid distribution system for a vehicle, the architecture of which system makes it possible to limit the length of the distribution line. It also relates to a distributor, which makes it possible to simplify the actuation and the size of the ejection devices; the distribution system may be equipped with a plurality of these fluid distributors. Lastly, the present disclosure relates to a method for ejecting a fluid using such a distribution system.

The present disclosure relates to a system for distributing a fluid in a vehicle, comprising:

-   -   a plurality n of independent fluid ejection devices;     -   a plurality n−1 of distributors, each having an inlet, a first         outlet and a second outlet and being configured to establish a         fluid connection either between the inlet and the first outlet,         or between the inlet and the second outlet, respectively, in an         initial state and in a switched state;

In the distribution system according to the present disclosure, the inlet of a first distributor is connected to a pump connected to a fluid reservoir; each ejection device is connected to an outlet of a distributor; and at least one outlet of a distributor is connected to the inlet of a subsequent distributor.

According to other advantageous and non-limiting features of the present disclosure, taken alone or in any technically feasible combination:

-   -   The distribution system comprises:         -   a main fluid supply conduit for connecting the inlet of the             first distributor to the pump,         -   an outlet conduit for connecting each ejection device to an             outlet of a distributor,         -   at least one intermediate conduit for connecting at least             one outlet of a distributor to the inlet of a subsequent             distributor;     -   each distributor comprises an electrical connector for         controlling its switched state and is configured to         automatically switch from its switched state to its initial         state, without electrical control, when the fluid pressure in         the distribution system is lower than a predetermined pressure;     -   each distributor comprises an electromagnetic actuator connected         to the electrical connector and comprising a movable piston able         to move between an initial position and a switched position,         corresponding, respectively, to the initial state and to the         switched state of the distributor;     -   each distributor comprises a return element for returning the         piston to its initial position when the actuator is inactive and         when the pressure of the fluid in the distribution system is         lower than the predetermined pressure;     -   each distributor comprises:         -   a first fluid communication channel between the inlet and             the first outlet and a second fluid communication channel             between the inlet and the second outlet;         -   a first deformable diaphragm, one face of which is in             contact with a first end of the piston and the other face of             which is intended to be in contact with the fluid,             configured to close the first channel when the piston is in             its switched position, the first channel being open when the             piston is in its initial position;         -   a second deformable diaphragm, one face of which is in             contact with a second end of the piston and the other face             of which is intended to be in contact with the fluid,             configured to close the second channel when the piston is in             its initial position, the second channel being open when the             piston is in its switched position;     -   the fluid-contact surface area of the first diaphragm is smaller         than that of the second diaphragm when the piston is in the         switched position, and the fluid-contact surface area of the         second diaphragm is smaller than that of the first diaphragm         when the piston is in the initial position;     -   the first and second diaphragms seal, respectively, between a         central body of the distributor and the first fluid         communication channel, and between the central body and the         second fluid communication channel;     -   each distributor comprises:         -   the central body in which the electrical connector and the             actuator are disposed,         -   a first body comprising the first outlet and all or part of             the first fluid communication channel,         -   a second body comprising the second outlet and all or part             of the second fluid communication channel, the inlet of the             distributor being comprised in the first body, in the second             body or in the central body;     -   the first and second bodies are identical;     -   the central body, the first body and the second body are made of         molded plastic material;     -   the inlet and the two outlets of each distributor each have a         male or female fluid quick-connect end piece;     -   the predetermined pressure is between 1 bar and 15 bar;     -   the ejection devices are jet nozzles, telescopic nozzles or         oscillating nozzles.

The present disclosure also relates to a method for ejecting a fluid through an ejection device, using the aforementioned fluid distribution system. The method comprises the following steps:

-   -   activating the actuator of at least one distributor to set the         distributor to its switched state, so as to put the main fluid         supply conduit and the ejection device in fluid communication;     -   activating the pump to pressurize the fluid in the system and         eject it through the ejection device;     -   deactivating the actuator during the ejection of the fluid.

Advantageously, the method for ejecting a fluid through an ejection device further comprises the following step:

-   -   stopping the pump so that the pressure of the fluid in the         distribution system is lower than a predetermined pressure to         stop the ejection of fluid though the ejection device and to         return each distributor of the plurality n−1 of distributors to         its initial state.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will emerge from the following detailed description of embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1a and 1b are two schematic illustrations of fluid distribution systems according to the present disclosure, including a plurality of fluid distributors;

FIG. 2 shows an advantageous embodiment of a fluid distributor for a fluid distribution system according to the present disclosure;

FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c show different embodiments of a fluid distributor according to the present disclosure; and

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a fluid distribution system in a vehicle, according to the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the descriptive part, the same references in the drawings may be used for elements of the same type. The drawings are schematic representations which, for the sake of readability, are not necessarily to scale.

The present disclosure relates to a fluid distribution system 200, particularly suitable for a vehicle.

The distribution system 200 comprises a plurality n of independent fluid ejection devices 210 (FIG. 1a, 1b ). “Fluid ejection device” means any type of device through which the fluid can exit. The independent nature of each device 210 corresponds to the fact that the ejection of fluid by this device 210 can be controlled independently of the others. As mentioned in the introduction, each of these devices 210 is aimed, for example, at cleaning the outer surface of a sensor, the measurements from which are used to assist in driving the vehicle.

The ejection devices 210 could, for example, be jet nozzles, telescopic nozzles or oscillating nozzles. It should be noted that each ejection device will advantageously be provided with a valve, for example, formed of a silicone membrane, capable of deforming to allow the pressurized fluid to pass and retracting to close the device when the fluid is not pressurized in the distribution system 200.

The distribution system 200 also comprises a plurality n−1 of fluid distributors 100. Each distributor 100 has an inlet 1, a first outlet 2 and a second outlet 3 and is able to be in two distinct states: a designated “initial state” and a designated “switched state”. It is called a “distributor” due to the fact that it is configured to establish a fluid connection either between the inlet 1 and the first outlet 2, or between the inlet 1 and the second outlet 3, in its initial state and in its switched state, respectively.

Lastly, the distribution system 200 comprises means for supplying the fluid to connect a fluid reservoir 300 to the n ejection devices via the n−1 fluid distributors 100.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1a and 1b , the distribution system 200 comprises a first distributor 100 a, forming part of the plurality n−1 of distributors 100, of which the inlet 1 is intended to be connected, via a main supply conduit 221, to a pump 310, which is connected to a fluid reservoir 300. Advantageously, the main supply conduit 221 is part of the distribution system 200.

The distribution system 200 also comprises a plurality of fluid outlet conduits 223 for connecting each ejection device 210 to an outlet 2, 3 of a distributor 100. It further comprises at least one intermediate conduit 222 for connecting at least one outlet 2, 3 of a distributor 100 a and the inlet 1 of a subsequent distributor 100 b, 100 c. In the example in FIG. 1b , the distribution system 200 comprises four ejection devices 210, four outlet conduits 223, three distributors 100 and two intermediate conduits 222.

The distribution system 200 according to the present disclosure implements n−1 distributors 100 for n ejection devices 210. The distributors 100 are not necessarily attached to the ejection devices 210, which makes it possible to limit the size of the devices 210.

The main supply conduit 221, the plurality of outlet conduits 223 and the at least one intermediate conduit 222 form a distribution line for the fluid.

The main supply conduit 221 and the at least one intermediate conduit 222 advantageously form the “skeleton” of the distribution line, for example, extending around the periphery of the vehicle so as to conduct the fluid to each of the required fluid ejection points. The outlet conduits 223 form the branches supplying each fluid ejection device 210. The distribution system 200 according to the present disclosure thus makes it possible to reduce the length of the distribution line.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 4, the distribution system 200 comprises six distributors 100, seven independent ejection devices 210 and a dependent ejection device 211; the fluid ejection through the dependent ejection device 211 will be simultaneous with that of one of the independent devices 210, the two devices 210, 211 being connected to the same outlet 2 of a distributor 100.

The present disclosure also relates to an advantageous embodiment of a fluid distributor 100 suitable for the aforementioned distribution system 200.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fluid distributor 100 comprises a first fluid communication channel 21 connecting the first outlet 2 and the inlet 1. It also comprises a second fluid communication channel 31 connecting the second outlet 3 and the inlet 1.

The fluid distributor 100 further comprises an actuator 4 including a movable piston 41 able to move between an initial position (which corresponds to the initial state of the distributor 100) and a switched position (which corresponds to the switched state of the distributor 100).

Lastly, the fluid distributor 100 comprises two deformable diaphragms 22, 32 disposed on either side of the movable piston 41. Without this being limiting, the diaphragms 22, 32 may be formed from a material of the elastomer family, for example, EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), EPDM reinforced with glass fibers, or silicone EPDM.

A first diaphragm 22 has a face 22 a in contact with a first end of the piston 41 and another face 22 b intended to be in contact with the fluid. The first diaphragm 22 is configured to close the first fluid communication channel 21 when the piston 41 is in its switched position and to allow fluid communication between the inlet 1 and the first outlet 2 via the first channel 21 when the piston 41 is in its initial position.

A second diaphragm 32 has a face 32 a in contact with a second end of the piston 41 and another face 32 b intended to be in contact with the fluid. The second diaphragm 32 is configured to close the second fluid communication channel 31 when the piston 41 is in its initial position and to enable fluid communication between the inlet 1 and the second outlet 3 via the second channel 31 when the piston 41 is in its switched position.

It is thus understood that, when the distributor 100 is in its initial state, with the piston 41 of the actuator 4 in its initial position, the fluid may pass from the inlet 1 to the first outlet 2 through the first fluid communication channel 21, but cannot reach the second outlet 3, and, when the distributor 100 is in its switched state, with the piston 41 in its switched position, the fluid may pass from the inlet 1 to the second outlet 3 through the second fluid communication channel 31, but cannot reach the first outlet 2.

Advantageously, the fluid-contact surface area S_(f) of the second diaphragm 32 is smaller than the fluid-contact surface area S_(o) of the first diaphragm 22 when the piston 41 is in the initial position (as, for example, illustrated in FIG. 2). Similarly, the fluid-contact surface area of the first diaphragm 22 is smaller than that of the second diaphragm 32 when the piston 41 is in the switched position.

Therefore, the example distributor 100 shown in FIG. 2 proposes a particular configuration of the fluid communication channels 21, 31. The configuration of the first channel 21 will be described here, the configuration applying in the same way to the second channel 31. The first channel 21 comprises:

-   -   an upstream segment, establishing fluid communication from the         inlet 1 to an intermediate housing in which the movable         diaphragm 22 is disposed,     -   a downstream segment, establishing fluid communication from the         intermediate housing to the first outlet 2,     -   the intermediate housing, the cross-section of which in the         plane (x,y) (according to the reference (x,y,z) used in FIG. 2)         is greater than the cross-sections, in this same plane, of the         upstream and downstream segments opening into the intermediate         housing.

At its end opening into the intermediate housing, the upstream segment forms a conduit of which the central axis is substantially aligned with the center of the first diaphragm 22 and substantially normal to the face 22 b of the diaphragm 22. The downstream segment forms a conduit at its end opening into the intermediate housing, offset from the center of the first diaphragm 22 and substantially normal to the face 22 b of the diaphragm 22 (FIG. 2).

When the distributor 100 is in its initial state (corresponding to the initial position of the piston 41 of the actuator 4), the first diaphragm 22 is “at rest”, not deformed, as it is not pushed by the piston 41: it therefore allows the fluid to pass from the upstream segment into the intermediate housing and into the downstream segment of the first channel 21. Fluid communication is thus established from the inlet 1 to the first outlet 2 via the first fluid communication channel 21. The surface area S_(o) of the face 22 b of the first diaphragm 22 that is in contact with the fluid is typically equal to the cross-section, in the plane (x,y), of the intermediate housing. At the same time, the second diaphragm 32 is pushed and deformed by the piston 41: it is thus pressed against the end of the upstream segment (of the second channel 31) opening into the intermediate housing (of the second channel 31) and closes the fluid communication between the upstream segment and the intermediate housing (FIG. 2); in other words, it closes the second channel 31 and cuts off the fluid communication between the inlet 1 and the second outlet 3. In the initial state, the surface area S_(f) of the face 32 b of the second diaphragm 32 that is in contact with the fluid is typically equal to the cross-section, in the plane (x,y), of the conduit at the end opening into the intermediate housing of the upstream segment of the second channel 31. As stated previously, when the distributor 100 is in its initial state, the surface area S_(o) of the face 22 b of the first diaphragm 22 that is in contact with the fluid is larger than the surface area S_(f) of the face 32 b of the second diaphragm 32 that is in contact with the fluid.

When the distributor 100 is in its switched state (corresponding to the switched position of the piston 41), the first diaphragm 22 is pushed and deformed by the piston 41 and is pressed against the end of the upstream segment (of the first channel 21) opening into the intermediate housing (of the first channel 21) and thus closing the fluid communication between the upstream segment and the intermediate housing; in other words, it closes the first channel 21 and cuts off the fluid communication between the inlet 1 and the first outlet 2. In this switched state, the surface area of the face 22 b of the first diaphragm 22 that is in contact with the fluid is typically equal to the cross-section, in the plane (x,y), of the conduit at the end opening into the intermediate housing of the upstream segment of the first channel 21. At the same time, the second diaphragm 32 is “at rest”, not deformed, as it is not pushed by the piston 41: it therefore lets the fluid pass from the upstream segment into the intermediate housing and into the downstream segment (of the second channel 31). Fluid communication is thus established from the inlet 1 to the second outlet 3 via the second fluid communication channel 31.

As stated previously, when the distributor 100 is in its switched state, the surface area of the face 22 b of the first diaphragm 22 that is in contact with the fluid is smaller than the surface area of the face 32 b of the second diaphragm 32 that is in contact with the fluid.

Advantageously, the actuator 4 is connected to an electrical connector 5 included in the distributor 100. When it is electrically energized or in other words when it is activated, the actuator 4 makes it possible to control the movement of the movable piston 41 into its switched position.

Preferably, the actuator 4 is an electromagnetic actuator comprising a coil 43 disposed around the piston 41: the magnetic field, which is established when the actuator 4 is electrically energized generates the movement of the piston 41 into its switched position.

Note that other types of actuators could be used, such as linear motor actuators. The advantage of an electromagnetic actuator compared with other types of actuators is that it constitutes a simple and economical solution.

In the example distributor 100 in FIG. 2, the switched position of the piston 41 (not shown) is that in which it pushes and deforms the first diaphragm 22, so as to close the first communication channel 21.

When the distributor 100 is in its switched state and the fluid arrives under pressure at the inlet 1 of the distributor 100, the force applied by the fluid to the face 32 b of the second diaphragm 32 is greater than the force applied to the face 22 b of the first diaphragm 22 because the surface area of the face 32 b that is in contact with the fluid is greater than the surface area of the face 22 b that is in contact with the fluid. It is thus possible to deactivate the actuator 4 as soon as the fluid pressure is established at the inlet of the distributor 100, the difference in the fluid-contact surface areas between the two diaphragms 22, 32 being able to hold the piston 41 in its switched position (and thus hold the distributor 100 in its switched state). This provides a simple and economical solution for actuating the distributor 100, requiring only a one-time activation of the actuator 4.

Also advantageously, the fluid distributor 100 comprises a return element 42, such as, for example, a spring, to return the piston 41 to its initial position when the actuator 4 is inactive and when the pressure of the fluid at the inlet of the distributor 100 is lower than a predetermined pressure. As mentioned above, when the actuator 4 is inactive and the fluid pressure is established at the inlet 1 of the distributor 100, the difference in the fluid-contact surface areas between the two diaphragms 22, 32 makes it possible to hold the piston 41 in its switched state. “Established fluid pressure” means a fluid pressure greater than a predetermined pressure, which may, for example, be between 1 bar and 15 bar.

Below this predetermined pressure, the force applied by the fluid to the first diaphragm 22 will no longer be sufficient to counteract the sum of the force applied by the fluid to the second diaphragm 32 and the force of the return element 42. Thus, when the fluid pressure is lower than the predetermined pressure, the piston 41 returns to its initial position (corresponding to the initial state of the distributor 100): in the example distributor 100 in FIG. 2, the initial position of the piston 41 (illustrated) is the one in which it pushes and deforms the second diaphragm 32, so as to close the second communication channel 31, while the first diaphragm 22 is “at rest”, not deformed, allowing fluid communication in the first channel 21.

When the distributor 100 is in its initial state, if the pressure of the fluid established is greater than the predetermined pressure, the distributor 100 naturally remains in its initial state due to the difference in fluid-contact surface areas between the two diaphragms 22, 32: the fluid thus passes through the first channel 21, between the inlet 1 and the first outlet 2 of the distributor 100.

The fluid distributor 100 as described thus offers a simple and economical solution for actuation between the initial state and the switched state and vice versa. The actuator 4 is activated once to switch to the switched state, such state then being maintained, without electrical power, by the pressure of the fluid established at the inlet 1 of the distributor 100 being greater than a predetermined pressure. The return to the initial state may be achieved by reducing the fluid pressure to below a predetermined pressure.

Advantageously, the first diaphragm 22 seals between a central body 6 of the distributor 100 and the first fluid communication channel 21, and the second diaphragm 32 seals between the central body 6 and the second fluid communication channel 31. In particular, the periphery of each diaphragm 22, 32 is configured to constitute a stationary seal between the central body 6 and, respectively, the first 21 and the second 31 fluid communication channels. The central body 6 preferably contains the actuator 4 and the electrical connector 5.

The configuration of the diaphragms 22, 32 makes it possible, without a movable seal, to guarantee that the fluid does not reach the components of the actuator 4. The reliability and the service life of the actuator 4 is thus greatly increased.

Advantageously, the distributor 100 is formed of three separate bodies 6, 7, 8 (FIG. 2, 3 a, 3 b, 3 c). The central body 6 is disposed in the central part of the distributor 100 and houses the actuator 4 and the electrical connector 5. A first body 7 comprises the first outlet 2 and all or part of the first fluid communication channel 21. A second body 8 comprises the second outlet 3 and all or part of the second fluid communication channel 31. The inlet 1 of the distributor 100 may be comprised in the first body 7 (FIG. 2, 3 a, 3 b), in the second body 8 or in the central body 6 (FIG. 3c ). In the latter case, the fluid inlet 1 and the parts of the first and second fluid communication channels comprised in the central body 6 are of course isolated from the region of the central body 6 housing the actuator 4 and the electrical connector 5. At least one seal 9 is used to seal the connection of a fluid communication channel (for example, the second channel 31, as illustrated in FIG. 2), between the first body 7 and the second body 8.

Preferably, the three bodies are formed by molding a plastic material, chosen, for example, from polyamides (PA66, PA12, etc.), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyesters (polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), etc.), etc.

The inlet 1 and the two outlets 2, 3 of the distributor 100 each have a central axis.

According to a first embodiment, the central axes of the two outlets 2, 3 are disposed in the same plane (x,y) and the central axis of the inlet 1 is disposed in a different parallel plane, as illustrated in FIG. 3a . The electrical connector 5 may be disposed in the same plane (x,y) as the central axes of the outlets 2, 3, or in a different parallel or orthogonal plane.

According to another embodiment of the distributor 100, the central axes of the inlet 1 and of the two outlets 2, 3 are disposed in the same plane (x,y), as illustrated in FIG. 2, 3 b, 3 c. The electrical connector 5 may be disposed in the same plane (x,y) as the central axes of the inlets 1 and the outlets 2, 3 (FIG. 3c ), or in a different plane, for example, an orthogonal plane (x,z) (FIG. 3b ).

According to yet another embodiment of the distributor 100, the first body 7 and the second body 8 are identical (FIG. 3c ). Advantageously, in this embodiment, the central body 6 includes the inlet 1 of the distributor and part of the first 21 and second 31 fluid communication channels.

In one or the other of the embodiments described above, the inlet 1 and the two outlets 2, 3 of the distributor 100 advantageously each have a male or female fluid quick-connect end piece so as to facilitate their connection to a fluid distribution system.

The choice of one or the other of the embodiments for the distributors 100, which will be incorporated in the fluid distribution system 200 depends on the space available for each distributor and/or the orientations and arrangements of the fluid conduits or electrical wires to be connected to the distributor to form the distribution system 200.

Lastly, the present disclosure relates to a method for ejecting a fluid through an ejection device 210, using the fluid distribution system 200 described above.

When it is necessary to eject fluid, for example, from a device 210 c′ illustrated in FIG. 1b , the ejection method comprises a first step of activating the actuator 4 of the first distributor 100 a and the actuator 4 of a second, adjacent distributor 100 c to control the distributors 100 a, 100 c into their switched state. In its switched state, the first distributor 100 a will establish a fluid connection between its inlet 1 and its second outlet 3, and in its switched state, the adjacent distributor 100 c will establish a fluid connection between its inlet 1 and its second outlet 3. Thus, the distribution system 200 is in a configuration enabling fluid communication between the main fluid supply conduit 221 and the ejection device 210 c′.

The ejection method according to the present disclosure then comprises a second step of actuating the pump 310 to pressurize the fluid in the distribution line 221, 222, 223 and eject it through the device 210. As stated previously, the fluid pressure is greater than a predetermined pressure.

Lastly, the ejection method comprises a third step of deactivating the actuator 4 during the ejection of the fluid. As stated previously, it is not necessary to keep the actuator 4 active because from the moment the fluid pressure is greater than the predetermined pressure, the distributor 100 is configured to remain in the switched state.

To stop the ejection of fluid through the device 210 c′ and return the distributors 100 a and 100 c to their initial state, the ejection method further comprises a fourth step of stopping the pump 310 so that the pressure of the fluid in the distribution line 221, 222, 223 is lower than the predetermined pressure. The distributors 100 a, 100 c then return to their initial state.

This same method may then be implemented to eject the fluid through another device 210 c, 210 b′, 210 b among the plurality n of ejection devices 210.

The actuators 4 of the plurality n−1 of distributors 100 and the pump may be controlled by the on-board computer.

The distributor 100, the fluid distribution system 200 and the ejection method according to the present disclosure may advantageously be used in a vehicle for distributing and supplying devices for ejecting cleaning fluid, for example.

They may also be used for the distribution of other types of fluids, for example, air, gasoline or oil, in other systems, for example, in the automotive field.

It goes without saying that the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and it is possible to achieve alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for distributing a fluid in a vehicle, comprising: a plurality n of independent fluid ejection devices; a plurality n−1 of distributors, each having an inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet and being configured to establish a fluid connection either between the inlet and the first outlet, or between the inlet and the second outlet, respectively, in an initial state and in a switched state, each ejection device being connected to an outlet of a distributor; the inlet of a first distributor being connected to a pump connected to a fluid reservoir; and at least one outlet of a distributor being connected to the inlet of a subsequent distributor.
 2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: a main fluid supply conduit for connecting the inlet of the first distributor to the pump; an outlet conduit for connecting each ejection device to an outlet of a distributor; and at least one intermediate conduit for connecting at least one outlet of a distributor to the inlet of a subsequent distributor.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each distributor comprises an electrical connector for controlling switching between the initial state and the switched state, and each distributor is configured to automatically switch from its switched state to its initial state, without electrical control, when a fluid pressure in the distribution system is lower than a predetermined pressure.
 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein each distributor comprises an electromagnetic actuator connected to the electrical connector and comprising a movable piston capable of moving between an initial position and a switched position, corresponding, respectively, to the initial state and to the switched state of the distributor.
 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the predetermined pressure is between 1 bar and 15 bar.
 6. The system according to claim 4, wherein each distributor comprises a return element for returning the piston to its initial position when the actuator is inactive and when the pressure of the fluid in the distribution system is lower than the predetermined pressure.
 7. The system according to claim 4, wherein each distributor comprises: a first fluid communication channel between the inlet and the first outlet, and a second fluid communication channel between the inlet and the second outlet; a first deformable diaphragm having a first face in contact with a first end of the piston and a second face intended to be in contact with the fluid, the first deformable diaphragm configured to close the first channel when the piston is in its switched position, the first channel being open when the piston is in its initial position; and a second deformable diaphragm having a first face in contact with a second end of the piston and a second face intended to be in contact with the fluid, the second deformable diaphragm configured to close the second channel when the piston is in its initial position, the second channel being open when the piston is in its switched position.
 8. The system according to claim 7, wherein a fluid-contact surface area of the first deformable diaphragm is smaller than a fluid-contact surface area of the second diaphragm when the piston is in the switched position, and the fluid-contact surface area of the second diaphragm is smaller than the fluid-contact surface area of the first diaphragm when the piston is in the initial position.
 9. The system according to claim 7, wherein the first diaphragm forms a seal between a central body of the distributor and the first fluid communication channel, and the second diaphragm forms a seal between the central body and the second fluid communication channel.
 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein each distributor comprises: an electrical connector disposed in the central body; a first body comprising the first outlet and at least a portion of the first fluid communication channel; and a second body comprising the second outlet and at least a portion of the second fluid communication channel; and wherein the inlet of the distributor forms a part of the first body, the second body or the central body, and wherein the actuator is disposed in the central body.
 11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the first body and the second body are identical.
 12. The system according to claim 10, wherein the central body, the first body and the second body are made of molded plastic material.
 13. The system according to claim 1, wherein the inlet and the two outlets of each distributor each have a male- or female-type fluid quick-connect end piece.
 14. The system according to claim 1, wherein the ejection devices comprise jet nozzles, telescopic nozzles or oscillating nozzles.
 15. A method for ejecting a fluid through an ejection device, using the fluid distribution system according to claim 2, comprising: activating an actuator of at least one distributor to set the distributor into its switched state, so as to put the main fluid supply conduit and the ejection device in fluid communication; actuating the pump to pressurize the fluid in the system and eject it through the ejection device; and deactivating the actuator during the ejection of the fluid.
 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising stopping the pump so that the pressure of the fluid in the distribution system is lower than a predetermined pressure, so as to stop the ejection of fluid through the ejection device and return each distributor of the plurality n−1 of distributors to its initial state. 